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If you do not specify the recipient on the command line with the -r or -recipient option, you are prompted to specify the user ID. Use the -e or -encrypt option to encrypt a file. (Product Security) Įncrypt a file with a recipient's public key I can list the fingerprint of the key and compare it to the web site to see if I already have the correct key. Gpg: key DCE3823597F5EAC4: public key "Red Hat, Inc. For example, if you are reporting a security vulnerability or working on a CVE with a company, their security team probably has a key posted on their contact page.
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If the recipient has provided the key in an email or on their website, you can download the file and use the -import option. Public keys are also used to verify signatures. To send a file encrypted with a recipient's public key, you must first import that public key. Only the holder of the private key can then decrypt the file.
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Determining how to share the passphrase to decrypt it is a separate issue.īecause sharing secrets can be insecure and simply does not scale well, files for a specific recipient are often encrypted with the recipient's public key. This encrypted file can now be sent to a remote location. The cache is based on a message-specific salt value, but you can use the -no-symkey-cache option to have gpg skip the cache. Additionally, GnuPG tries to use its cached passwords to decrypt before prompting for the shared secret. Use the -o or -output option to specify an output file, especially when the contents are a data file. The default is to display the contents to standard out and leave the decrypted file in place. To decrypt the file, use the -d or -decrypt option. You can use the -o or -output option to specify a specific output filename. : GPG symmetrically encrypted data (AES cipher) The default is to create the encrypted file with a gpg extension added to the original filename. You are prompted to enter and reenter a passphrase for the encrypted file. To specify symmetric encryption, use the -c or -symmetric option and pass the file you wish to encrypt. Simply having GnuPG installed is enough to encrypt or decrypt a file with a shared secret. Gpg: /home/bestuser/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trustdb createdĮncrypt and decrypt a file with a shared secret Gpg: keybox '/home/bestuser/.gnupg/pubring.kbx' created Gpg: directory '/home/bestuser/.gnupg' created For example, if you run gpg -list-keys to display keys you may see the following message: $ gpg -list-keys The first time you run any gpg command, a configuration directory and keyring will be created in your home directory. On my current Fedora and RHEL 8 systems, gpg2 is a symbolic link to gpg, which is the main binary. Now that version 1.0 is considered obsolete, users of that older version may need to use a binary called gpg1.
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1 root root 3 Dec 6 04:02 /usr/bin/gpg2 -> gpgĮarly adopters of version 2.0 needed to use a gpg2 binary. The installed binary is likely named gpg, but because of the recent version changes, you may want to check that as well.
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Most Linux distributions already have GnuPG installed, and the current version will likely use GnuPG 2.0 by default. OpenPGP products can encrypt a file with a shared symmetric key or with asymmetric key pairs. The TLS certificates used with email or web-based drop boxes only protect the transfer on the wire. However, to make sure that only the intended recipient can open a file you send by email or drop into a shared folder, you need to encrypt that individual file. Local disk encryption protects data at rest for your powered-off laptop. OpenPGP programs such as GPG are used to sign and verify those packages. Digital signatures are used to ensure that you get an exact copy from the original packager and not a malicious version from a compromised site. Package repositories are mirrored around the world.